As part of my exploration into anarchist spaces, I became interested in Burning Man. For decades, I knew Burning Man only as many of you probably know it: a week-long hedonistic party in the middle of the desert, accompanied by some artwork and “rituals” to give the whole thing some sense of purpose. But more recently, I encountered the Ten Principles put forth by the Burning Man organizational body, which have been pushed as the guiding principles for the “movement” and the many regional burns that happen annually in addition to the “big burn” in Black Rock City.
The Ten Principles essentially combine elements of anarchism (specifically, anarcho-communism), anticapitalism, and Buddhism into a tidy little package:
| Anarchism | Anticapitalism | Buddhism |
| 1 – Radical Inclusion Anyone may be a part of Burning Man. We welcome and respect the stranger… 4 – Radical Self-reliance Burning Man encourages the individual to discover, exercise and rely on their inner resources. 5 – Radical Self-expression Radical self-expression arises from the unique gifts of the individual. No one other than the individual or a collaborating group can determine its content… 7 – Communal Effort Our community values creative cooperation and collaboration. We strive to produce, promote and protect social networks, public spaces, works of art, and methods of communication that support such interaction. 8 – Civic Responsibility …Community members who organize events should assume responsibility for public welfare and endeavor to communicate civic responsibilities to participants. | 2 – Gifting Burning Man is devoted to acts of gift giving. Gifting does not contemplate a return or an exchange for something of equal value. 3 – Decommodification …Create social environments that are unmediated by commercial sponsorships, transactions, or advertising. | 8 – Leaving No Trace …We clean up after ourselves and endeavor, whenever possible, to leave such places in a better state than when we found them. 9 – Participation …We achieve being through doing… We make the world real through actions that open the heart. 10 – Immediacy …We seek to overcome barriers that stand between us and a recognition of our inner selves, the reality of those around us, participation in society, and contact with a natural world exceeding human powers… |
This intrigued me. I knew that Burning Man bills itself as a “city”, replete with all types of people and their various goals and motivations; many that attend may be indifferent to the principles and may simply be there for the hedonism or the dance parties. Still, I was curious to see it for myself and try to find how strong the undercurrent of these principles remained of this obscure, local celebration transforming into what is often called the “biggest party on the planet.”
To prepare, I attended a small “regional burn” in the spring to understand the spirit of the event. The long-weekend event was attended by about 800 people, a mere 1% of Black Rock City. What I saw at the burn was largely true to the principles: art for art’s sake, cooperation and volunteerism, free-flowing gifting, and all-night music and dancing. Nearly everyone was tent camping and, other than the pyrotechnics and the burning of the effigy and temple, the event felt relatively eco-conscious. Everyone was friendly and welcoming to me and to everyone else, and there was seemed to be a strong diversity of subcultures represented. Many of the regional attendees said that they hadn’t been (or no longer go) to Black Rock City, but most said that it was worth attending at least once if you can.
Encouraged by this experience, I decided to plunge into the “Big Burn” and see what this looked like at a massive scale. I spent several months and a couple thousand dollars preparing for this event; I didn’t do much research because I wanted to have an “organic” experience. The financial cost was painful, but it ultimately seemed justified in preparing for a 10-day experience in a harsh, inhospitable desert.
This isn’t meant to be a chronicle of my personal experience at Burning Man, so I will spare the details of my “journey” or some of the specific challenges of this year’s event. In short: I decided to join a well-established camp rather than solo-camp, I volunteered as a medic for nearly half my time on the playa as a way to contribute to the community, and, as mentioned, I did virtually no research or planning beyond figuring out what gear and supplies were needed. These choices certainly contributed to the experience and impression that I had at Burning Man; I will try to maintain perspective as I discuss my lasting thoughts on the event.
Even before I attended, I considered the environmental impact of such an event. Having 70,000 people travel to and survive in the middle of a harsh desert environment incurs a tremendous carbon footprint. At its most absolute fundamental level, the event requires a bare minimum of a million gallons of water trucked into the event, and untold tons of bio-waste trucked out. Then there’s tens of thousands of gallons of fuel for the generators that power every camp. Then there’s people traveling to the event from across the planet. Then the fact that many thousands of these people come in RVs and campers, and even many of the tent campers now bring portable A/C units for their tents. Then there’s the thousands of single-use costumes– including countless LEDs and batteries, camping equipment intended to be disposable, single-use plastic and packaging material for food and equipment both on- and off-playa, useless trinkets and baubles and stickers and other things for the “gifting economy”… it truly becomes staggering when you think of the consumption at scale.
Most participants take the “Leave No Trace” principle very seriously– and groups of volunteers stay long after the event to collect every scrap of trash– but the event exemplifies greenwashing and “offshoring misery” to keep it out of sight and out of mind. Although the event takes pains to leave no trace on the physical playa space that it occupies, there is a collosal trace left in the CO2 emissions and trash generated by the event.
Simiarly, the principle of “decommodification” certainly applies on-playa… with the exception of self-promoting podcasters and wannabe influencers, and multimillion-dollar music camps (yes, really), the space is devoid of branding, advertising, or commerce. But, like the environmental impact, the burn simply would not exist without millions of dollars of commerce occurring before arriving on playa. This include entry tickets that average about $750, along with the hundreds or thousands of dollars that people spend on supplies and travel. Perhaps it is like Marx’s communism, which intrinsically requires the existence of capitalism to be used as a foundational stepping stone; more likely, though, is that people are meant to accept the transgressions against the principles made in the “default world” in order to support this idealistic “real world” on the playa.
To its credit, the only other abundant violation of the principles that I observed would be “radical self-expression.” adorned themselves in one of two basic outfits: boho Bedouin or day-glo rave kiddie. Beyond the art projects and art cars– which were genuinely impressive– most attendees donned similar rainbow lights and “” as they raced from camp to camp in pursuit of free food or some world-famous DJ performing at a music camp that was indistinguishable from any nightclub in Miami.
All of this felt empty and alienating. Perhaps there really was a heyday of Burning Man, when it was a transcendental, counter-culture experience. And certainly there are still traces of those things in the burners that exist on the fringes of the event. But at this point, they seemed to be there in spite of the event, not because of it.
I may return to a regional burn, which seem far less “spectacular” and much more aligned with the Ten Principles. But Burning Man was largely as disappointing as many told me it would be, and it did ultimately seem like a week-long hedonistic party acommpanied by some artwork and spirituality to give it some sense of purpose. There may still be an “authentic” experience to be had there, but you’d really have to go deep playa to find it.